Thermophiles are becoming an increasingly important topic of interest due to their ability to produce various valuable compounds, such as thermostable enzymes, hormones and antibiotics. In Sri Lanka, being an understudied area, the microbiome of geothermal hot springs could be of utmost importance for understanding the biotechnological potency of thermophilic organisms for local applications. The current study focuses on expanding the knowledge of the thermophilic microbial diversity (bacteria and archaea) in hot springs of Sri Lanka. We employ culture-dependent and independent techniques to investigate the relationship between microbial community composition and physicochemical parameters in each hot spring.